Characterization of tube well water in the sertão region of bahia: contaminants, microorganisms, and potability parameters

Abstract

Groundwater is essential for water supply in semi-arid regions, with tubular wells (boreholes) being a primary source in areas with limited infrastructure. This study evaluated the water quality of ten tubular wells in five villages of Paulo Afonso, Bahia, through physicochemical, microbiological, and parasitological analyses, based on the standards set by Ordinance GM/MS No. 888/2021. Parameters such as pH, chloride, and residual chlorine showed non-compliance in some samples, with a focus on pH values below the permissible level and chloride exceeding the recommended limits. Twenty-two bacteria were identified, including species from the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, and Acinetobacter, with no occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in the sensitivity tests. The parasitological analysis revealed the absence of protozoa and helminths. The presence of environmental and opportunistic microorganisms suggests a potential health risk, especially due to the possibility of biofilm formation in the pipes. The data indicate the need for continuous monitoring and the adoption of integrated strategies to ensure the safety of the consumed water. The implementation of corrective actions, combined with sanitary education and community involvement, is fundamental to ensuring the potability and sustainable use of groundwater in the region.