Permeabilidade, Drenagem e Instrumentação em Maciços: Estudo e Aplicações em Barragens

Permeability, Drainage, and Instrumentation in Massifs: Study and Applications in Dams

Abstract

This article addresses the influence of permeability and water percolation velocity in soil masses, highlighting their variation according to grain size and sensitivity to the amount of water present. Permeability is directly linked to the medium's porosity, influencing soil drainage. Tables are presented with permeability and drainage characteristics of various types of soil, as well as average consolidated permeability values of common materials used in dam embankments and their foundations. The negative effects of water infiltration in embankment dams are also discussed, such as soil particle displacement and leaching, emphasizing the importance of adequate drainage systems. Additionally, empirical criteria and probabilistic models for the design of drainage and filtration systems for dams are described, aiming to control percolating fluids and ensure the structures' safety. Instrumentation in dams, especially in Brazilian territory, is also addressed, highlighting its fundamental role in the monitoring and control of structures.