Mapeamento topográfico com aeronave remotamente pilotada para fins de georreferenciamento de propriedades rurais

Topographic mapping with remotely piloted aircraft for georeferencing rural properties

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of digital products obtained in topographic surveys using remotely piloted aircraft for the georeferencing of rural properties. The study was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Maranhão, São Raimundo das Mangabeiras Campus. Three areas with different terrain slopes were selected: 0 to 5%, 5 to 10%, and 10 to 20%. In each area, geodetic surveys were conducted using GNSS and aerial photogrammetry with a remotely piloted aircraft (at three flight altitudes: 70, 80, and 90 meters) to collect coordinates of photo-identifiable topographic points, totaling nine combinations of slope and flight altitude. Digital image processing was carried out using the Structure from Motion technique, resulting in orthomosaics and digital elevation models for each area/flight altitude as the final products. The generated images were evaluated according to the criteria established by the ABNT NBR 13.133/2021 Technical Standard and the Technical Manual for the Georeferencing of Rural Properties - 2nd Edition. It was possible to obtain digital products with high planimetric and altimetric positional accuracy when compared to similar studies found in the literature. It can be concluded that the flight altitude should be configured according to the terrain slope to be mapped. In areas with steeper slopes, it is recommended to conduct flights at lower altitudes to ensure greater planimetric accuracy of orthomosaics and digital elevation models.